Author:  Anastasija Ivanova Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Abstract The accelerating interdependence of higher education systems—driven by digitalization, mobility, and sustainability imperatives—has repositioned non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as structural actors rather than peripheral advocates. This article examines how NGOs strengthen global partnerships for sustainable education by mobilizing different forms of capital, shaping institutional convergence, and

Author: Michael Adams Affiliation: Independent Researcher Received 12 May 2025; Revised 28 June 2025; Accepted 8 July 2025; Available online 30 July 2025; Version of Record 30 July 2025. Abstract Distance education has entered a new phase of maturity. In 2025, it is no longer viewed as a marginal, temporary, or emergency-based mode of delivery. Instead, it has become a central component of the global higher education landscape. Its growth has been supported by digital innovat