Author: L. Zhang Affiliation: Independent Researcher Received 15 March 2024; Revised 30 April 2024; Accepted 14 May 2024; Available online 2 June 2024; Version of Record 2 June 2024. Abstract The expansion of the internet and digital technologies has transformed the way firms create value, interact with customers, and compete in local and global markets. This transformation has given rise to e-business, a broad concept that extends beyond online sales to include digitally ena