Author: Lee Zhang Affiliation: Swiss International University SIU Bishkek ORCID iD: 0009-0006-7478-8357 Received 5 March 2024; Revised 15 April 2024; Accepted 5 May 2024; Available online 29 May 2024; Version of Record 29 May 2024. DOI 10.65326/u7y566772 Volume 1, December 2024, (10002) Abstract Information and Communications Technology (ICT) management has become a strategic organizational activity, rather than narrow technical support alone. As organizations become more dep