Author: L. Kareem Affiliation: Independent Researcher Received 10 March 2024; Revised 20 April 2024; Accepted 10 May 2024; Available online 31 May 2024; Version of Record 31 May 2024. Abstract The roles of secretaries and office managers have changed substantially in response to technological development, shifting organizational structures, and the increasing complexity of modern work. Once associated mainly with clerical support, these positions now involve coordination, com

Author: David Williams Affiliation: Independent Researcher Received 1 March 2024; Revised 10 April 2024; Accepted 1 May 2024; Available online 26 May 2024; Version of Record 26 May 2024. Abstract Business administration has undergone a major transformation over the past century. What began as a discipline concerned mainly with efficiency, control, and coordination has developed into a broad field that addresses strategy, innovation, human behavior, governance, sustainabilit