Authors: Issa Ismail Affiliation: Swiss International University (SIU) ORCID iD: 0009-0009-7061-4765 Received 20 June 2025; Revised 29 August 2025; Accepted 30 September 2025; Available online 24 October 2025; Version of Record 24 October 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.65326/u7y566750 Volume 2, December 2025, (10016) Abstract A growing debate in European policy circles explores whether the European Union (EU) might admit new member states on a temporary non-voting basis—gra