Author: Omar Taylor Affiliation: Independent Researcher Received 12 July 2025; Revised 28 August 2025; Accepted 3 September 2025; Available online 15 September 2025; Version of Record 15 September 2025. Abstract In September 2025, the luxury sector encountered a significant governance moment with the disclosure of Giorgio Armani’s posthumous succession instructions. These instructions outlined a staged ownership transition in Giorgio Armani S.p.A., including an initial divest

Author: Ling Zhang Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Received 1 June 2025; Revised 18 July 2025; Accepted 25 July 2025; Available online 14 August 2025; Version of Record 14 August 2025. Abstract This paper examines Tumblr’s decline from a platform acquired by Yahoo in 2013 for $1.1 billion to its later sale in 2019 for reportedly less than $3 million. It analyzes the strategic, organizational, and cultural factors that contributed to this sharp fall in value, including we

Author: L. Zhang Affiliation: Independent Researcher Received 5 March 2024; Revised 15 April 2024; Accepted 5 May 2024; Available online 29 May 2024; Version of Record 29 May 2024. Abstract Information and Communications Technology (ICT) management has become a central function in modern organizations because it shapes how technology resources are planned, governed, protected, and used to support institutional goals. Effective ICT management is no longer limited to technical

Author:  David Williams Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Received 1 March 2024; Revised 10 April 2024; Accepted 1 May 2024; Available online 26 May 2024; Version of Record 26 May 2024. Abstract Business administration has undergone a major transformation over the past century. What began as a discipline concerned mainly with efficiency, control, and coordination has developed into a broad field that addresses strategy, innovation, human behavior, governance, sustainabilit

Author:  Michael Anderson Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Received 3 March 2024; Revised 12 April 2024; Accepted 3 May 2024; Available online 26 May 2024; Version of Record 26 May 2024. Abstract In early 2024, organizations across sectors increasingly recognized that financial planning, digital transformation, and operational efficiency, while important, are not sufficient on their own to secure sustainable success. A growing body of management discourse has therefore sh