Author: L. Kareem Affiliation: European Council for Distance Learning Accreditation (EUCDL) Received 1 March 2024; Revised 7 May 2024; Accepted 16 May 2024; Available online 1 June 2024; Version of Record 1 June 2024, Publication Update 5 February 2026. https://doi.org/10.65326/u7y566815 Volume 1, December 2024, (10003-2) Abstract Distance education has expanded continuously since the nineteenth century, adapting its media, pedagogy, and institutional forms to successive wav