Author: L. Kareem Affiliation: Independent Researcher Received 10 March 2024; Revised 20 April 2024; Accepted 10 May 2024; Available online 31 May 2024; Version of Record 31 May 2024. Abstract The roles of secretaries and office managers have changed substantially in response to technological development, shifting organizational structures, and the increasing complexity of modern work. Once associated mainly with clerical support, these positions now involve coordination, com