Author:  Nancy Khouri Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Abstract The global release of Apple’s iPhone 17  in late 2025 reignited debates on innovation, consumption, and cultural symbolism in a mature technology market. This article examines the iPhone 17  as both a technological object and a social text, with a specific focus on its headline aesthetic— Cosmic Orange . Moving beyond the product’s technical enhancements, this paper situates Apple’s design and marketing choic

Author:  Issa Ismail Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Abstract A growing debate in European policy circles explores whether the European Union (EU) might admit new member states on a temporary non-voting  basis—granting market and funding access while deferring full decision-making rights until internal reforms are completed. This article offers a critical, theory-driven analysis of that proposal’s potential economic and institutional effects on candidate states and on th

By:  Zhanyl Asanova Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Abstract This article investigates how brand stamping transforms the market...

Author:  Aibek Tursunov Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Abstract The history of medicine is both a scientific narrative and a story...